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Thirty Years Wars
Thirty Years War (1618 - 1648)
In 1617 the fiercely Catholic, Ferdinand of Styria, was elected by the Bohemian Estates to become the Crown Prince of Bohemia and the heir to the throne (Wikipedia: Thirty Years War). In May 1618 a group of Bohemian Protestants in Prague seized Ferdinand's representatives and threw them out of the palace window. This event started the Bohemian Revolt and the 30 Years War. The conflict soon spread across the Holy Roman Empire, and then the whole of Europe, involving Spain, France, Denmark, Sweden, and a number of other countries.
Defenestration of Prague
23 May 1618